Ever wonder why the United States holds the top spot among major nations for incarceration—and what we could do differently without risking public safety? We sit down with Circuit Court Judge Robert Herzfeld, whose career spans prosecuting attorney, defense work, juvenile probation, and the bench, to map the real engines of the system and where reform delivers the biggest return.

Judge Herzfeld takes us inside the operations of a prosecutor’s office, the scale of felony caseloads, and the evolution from trial wins to outcome-driven approaches like adult drug court and HOPE Court. From there, we unpack the hard numbers: county jails often house a third to nearly half of people with diagnosable mental illness, and when addiction overlaps, the share can reach 75 to 80 percent. He explains why jail is a poor tool for clinical problems, how medication lapses trigger decompensation, and why the churn back to the streets drives both risk and cost.

The conversation turns to civil commitments and adult guardianships, where due process and respect—asking “What do you want me to know?”—shift outcomes in real time. We draw a clear line between the small cohort of truly dangerous offenders who must be incapacitated and the much larger group who are treatable with therapy, medication, coaching, and structured accountability. Drug courts emerge as a bipartisan success: frequent testing, swift responses, and services that stabilize people and reduce reoffending. The payoff is concrete—fewer crimes, fewer hospitalizations, lower incarceration costs, and more people working and supporting families.

If you care about safer neighborhoods, smarter spending, and justice that actually works, this conversation offers a grounded roadmap: treat what’s treatable, reserve prison for the irredeemably dangerous, and build strong transitions home. Subscribe, share this episode with a friend who loves data-driven policy, and leave a review to help more listeners find the show.