A skilled roofer in Mexico City wants to work legally for a U.S. contractor. On paper, that should be a straightforward match. Instead, we walk through why even the best‑case path can take three to five years, and how those delays push employers and workers toward the shadows. With attorney John Yates, we unpack the real mechanics: visitor and student entries, seasonal worker programs, employer liability when a hire “absconds,” and the alphabet soup that keeps temporary intent separate from permanent status.

We also confront the strange limbo of E‑Verify, a free, effective tool that remains optional for most employers. If verifying work authorization is the cornerstone of honest hiring, why do we treat it like a suggestion rather than a standard? From there, we zoom out to the economics that actually move people: the pull of open jobs and the push of instability abroad. The conversation doesn’t pretend these forces vanish with slogans; it asks how law and policy can make the legal path faster than the illegal one, so compliance wins by design.

Congress hasn’t passed comprehensive reform since 1986, an era of cassette tapes and paper files. We revisit what that bill tried to do, why it stalled in practice, and what a modern reset could look like: mandatory and modern E‑Verify, right‑sized seasonal and sectoral visas, processing timelines with guarantees, and a phased plan to address those already here without rewarding fraud. We wrestle with a core dilemma: should reform come first and status later? - and make the case for incremental steps that honor both fairness and reality. If you care about building homes faster, harvesting on time, and keeping the rule of law intact, this conversation offers a clear, workable blueprint.

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